The Risk of Depression Among Health Workers During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study at Type B Hospitals in Indonesia Using PHQ-9

Herqutanto Herqutanto; Dewi Riana; Adi Nuri Purwito; Soemarko Dewi S.; Asti Retno

doi:10.22435/hsji.v14i1.6474

Herqutanto Herqutanto ⁽¹⁾ , Dewi Riana ⁽²⁾ , Adi Nuri Purwito ⁽³⁾ , Soemarko Dewi S. ⁽⁴⁾ , Asti Retno ⁽⁵⁾

(1) Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia , Indonesia

(2) Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia , Indonesia

(3) Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia , Indonesia

(4) Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia , Indonesia

(5) Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia , Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22435/hsji.v14i1.6474

Issue
Vol. 14 No. 1 (2023)

Submitted
December 29, 2022

Published
September 14, 2023

Keywords:

depression, workers, hospitals, Covid-19, occupational factors, Indonesia, depresi, pekerja, rumah sakit, faktor pekerjaan

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Abstract

Background: Hospital workers are vulnerable in the fight against COVID-19 and may experience significant psychological and mental health consequences. Depression is one of the emotional and mental disorders that can affect the health services provided by hospital workers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between occupational factors and other factors towards the risk of depression during the Covid-19 pandemic among workers at type B hospital.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data, a total of 669 workers (22-59 years age) were included. Demographic variables and work-related variables were collected from the Human Resources Unit (HR) and the Occupational Safety and Health Committee Unit (K3RS) of a type B hospital. Their risk of depression was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and occupational stress assessed by the Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS). SPSS versions 27 was used to conduct data analysis.
Results: Prevalence of depression among workers in type B hospital is 15.1%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses show that role conflict stressors (OR 3.68, 95% CI = 1.69 – 8.01) were more important risk factor for depression than quantitative workload stressor and career development stressor.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression was found among workers in type B hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak. Paying attention to job role conflict at the workplace will be useful for decreasing the risk of depression. Regular mental health checks and counseling should be performed along with periodic health checks.

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Pekerja di rumah sakit rentan dalam perang melawan COVID-19 dan mungkin mengalami gangguan emosional dan mental yang signifikan. Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan emosional dan mental yang dapat memengaruhi pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh pekerja di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor pekerjaan dan faktor lain dengan risiko depresi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 pada pekerja di Rumah Sakit tipe B.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder meliputi 669 pekerja di rumah sakit tipe B. Variabel demografi dan variabel terkait pekerjaan dikumpulkan dari Unit Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dan Unit Komite Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3RS) Rumah Sakit tipe B. Risiko depresi diukur dengan menggunakan Kuesioner Kesehatan Pasien (PHQ-9) dan stres kerja yang dinilai dengan Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS). Analisis data menggunakan SPSS
Statistics versi 27.
Hasil: Prevalensi risiko depresi pada pekerja di RS tipe B adalah 15,1%. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat menunjukkan bahwa stresor konflik peran (OR 3,68, 95% CI = 1,69 – 8,01) merupakan faktor risiko yang paling dominan terkait risiko depresi daripada stresor beban kerja kuantitatif dan stresor pengembangan karir.
Kesimpulan: Prevalensi depresi yang tinggi ditemukan pada pekerja di rumah sakit tipe B selama wabah COVID-19. Memperhatikan konflik peran pekerjaan di tempat kerja akan berguna untuk mengurangi risiko depresi. Pemeriksaan dan penyuluhan kesehatan jiwa secara berkala harus dilakukan bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala.

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