Correlation of noise level exposure on the reaction time of workers at a manufacturing company in Bandung, Indonesia
Article Sidebar
-
light’s reaction time, sound’s reaction time, noise
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Para pekerja sering kali terpaksa berhadapan dengan kebisingan tinggi ditempat kerja. Kebisingan mengganggu perhatian yang diperlukan terus-menerus dan menurunkan produktivitas kerja, oleh sebab itu pekerja yang melakukan pengamatan dan pengawasan terhadap satu proses produksi atau hasilnya, dapat membuat kesalahan akibat dari terganggunya konsentrasi dan kurang fokusnya perhatian. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran waktu reaksi cahaya dan suara untuk menilai fokus perhatian/konsentrasi.
Metode: Studi analitik dengan desain komparatif cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi benang nylon sintetik. Membandingkan rerata selisih waktu reaksi cahaya dan suara sebelum dan setelah bekerja dengan pajanan kebisingan pada kelompok subjek yang bekerja pada intensitas kebisingan di atas NAB (area braiding) dibandingkan dengan yang di bawah NAB (area waring), dimana sebelumnya dilakukan pengukuran intensitas tingkat kebisingan di kedua area tersebut.
Hasil Penelitian: Perbedaan bermakna waktu reaksi cahaya yang melambat pada subjek yang bekerja dengan pajanan kebisingan di atas NAB sebelum dan setelah bekerja (p=0.007), namun tidak dengan waktu reaksi suara. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna waktu reaksi cahaya dan suara pada subjek yang bekerja dengan pajanan kebisingan di bawah NAB sebelum dan setelah bekerja. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata selisih waktu reaksi cahaya yang melambat pada subjek yang bekerja pada pajanan kebisingan di atas NAB dengan di bawah NAB, p=0,017, namun tidak bermakna terhadap rerata selisih waktu reaksi suara.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan rerata selisih waktu reaksi cahaya pada pekerja yang bekerja dengan pajanan kebisingan di atas NAB dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang bekerja dengan pajanan kebisingan di bawah NAB, sehingga tingkat intensitas kebisingan tinggi (di atas NAB) mempengaruhi waktu reaksi cahaya dan menjadi lebih lambat.
Kata Kunci: waktu reaksi cahaya; waktu reaksi suara; kebisingan
Abstract
Background: Workers are often exposed to high noise level at their workplaces. Noise can disrupt the worker’s concentration and focus and in the end, may cause lower productivity. Thus, workers whose main job descriptions are to supervise workflow from one phase to another are prone to mistakes due to the loss of concentration and focus. In this research, we used reaction timer with light and sound stimuli to assess attention or concentration.
Methods: The study was an analytical study with comparative cross sectional design, comparing a mean difference between light and sound reaction time before and after work. This research was conducted at a manufacturing company that produces synthetic nylon fibers. The subjects were divided into two groups; the workers with noise intensity above TLV (braiding’s area) and with noise intensity below TLV (waring’s area). Prior to the study, the research has measured the intensity of the noise level in the workplace area.
Result: A significant difference was found in the light’s reaction time who work with noise exposure above TLV (p= 0.007) and it was found to be slower after work with the workers who are exposed to noise above TLV. There was also a significant mean difference for the light’s reaction time between the above TLV noise group and below TLV noise group (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in sound reaction time.
Conclusion: There was a significant mean difference in light reaction time for the workers who work with noise exposure above TLV compare with the workers who work in below TLV, so that high intensity of noise level is found to affect and decrease the light reaction time of the workers.
Keywords: light’s reaction time, sound’s reaction time, noise.
Full text article
References
Anies. Occupational medicines. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media; 2014. p. 127-31.
Suma’mur PK. Industrial hygiene and healthy works (HIPERKES). Jakarta: CV.Sagung Seto; 2014. p.164-80.
Maurits SL. K3LH notes: work fatigue [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 2017 Apr 7]. Available from: http://www. batikyogya.wordpress.com.
Bowman E, Enmarker I, Hygge S. Strength of noise effect on memory as a function of noise source and age. Noise & Health A Bimonthly Inter-disciplinary International Journal. 2005;7( 27):11-26.
Kjellberg A, Per M, Skoldstrom B. Fatigue after work in noise – an epidemiological survey study and three quasi-experimental field studies. Noise & Health A Bimonthly Inter-disciplinary International Journal. 1998;1(1):47-55.
Schlimick E, Benya K. Fatigue effects reaction time. Prezi Inc. 2013 [Cited 2017 September 4]; Available from: http://www.prezi.com.
Hansen KI, Gundersen H, Sunde E, Baste V. Noise exposure and cognitive performance: a study on personnel on board Royal Norweygian Navy Vessels. Noise & Health A Bimonthly Inter-disciplinary International Journal. 2015;17(78):320-7.
Soeripto. Industrial Hygiene. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI. 2008. p. 328.
Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi No.13/MEN/X/2011. Ministry of Workers and Transmigration: Threshold limit value of physical and chemical’s factors at the workplace. 2011 [Cited 2017 July 12]. Available from: http://www.ditjenpp.kemenkumham.go.id.
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practise and research. Psychiat Res. 1989;28:193-213.
PT. Sitoho Lamsukses. Sitoho Lamsukses: Reaction Timer SLS L-77. 2017 [Cited 2017 July 12]; Available from: http://www.sitoho.com
Multimeter-Digital. Measuring of noise threshold limit value and noise mapping. 2017 [Cited 2017 July 13]. Available from: http://www.multimeter-digital.com.
California Training Institute. Scientific journal reviews: factors affecting reaction time. 2010 [Cited 2017 July 6]. Available from: http://www.CTI-home.com.
Arito H, Oguri M. Contingent negative variation and reaction time of physically-trained subjects in simple and discriminative tasks. Journal of Industrial Health. 1990;28:97-106.
Haines MM. Chronic aircraft noise exposure, stress responses, mental health and cognitive performance in School Children. Psychol Med. 2001;31(8):1386-96.
Matheson M.P. et al. The effect of chronic aircraft noise exposure on children’s cognition and health: 3 field studies. 2008 [Cited 2017 April 7]. Available from: http://www.noiseandhealth.org.
Grrishma B, Uppinakudru G, Singh GG, Bangera S. A comparative study on visual choice reaction time for different colors in female. Neurology Research International. Vol 2014. Article ID 301473.
Richard T, Ramsden, Shakeel RS. Sound, noise, and the ear. In: Peter J. Baxter et al., editor: Hunter’s Disease of Occupations. London: Hodder & Stoughton Limited. 2010. p. 461-4, 481-2.
Wright B, Peters E, Ettinger U, Kulpers E, Kumari V. Understanding noise stress-induced cognitive impairment in health adults and its implications for schizophrenia. Noise & Health A Bimonthly Interdisciplinary International Journal. 2014;16(70):166-76.
Dian Anggraeni. Correlation of noise exposure according to period of work with subjective complains at workers in manufacturing company Semarang. Faculty of Health at Dian Nuswantoro Semarang University.2006. [Cited 2017 July 12]. Available from: http://www.lib.unnes.ac.id.
Budiyanto T, Pratiwi EY. Correlation of noise and period of work with work stress incidence at workers in textile manufacturing Yogyakarta. Journal of Public Health. 2010;4(2): 126-35.