Do the acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-hodgkin lymphoma patients have a worse prognosis of COVID-19 infection in children?: a case report
Article Sidebar
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021)
February 16, 2021
June 29, 2021
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a new type of Coronavirus namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Children with tumors or autoimmune diseases are more susceptible, because of suppression of their immune system, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery on tumors.
Case presentation: We present the clinical features 3 Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were infected with COVID-19 since July to August 2020 in our hospital. These were the first four cases identified as COVID-19 positive in Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Case 1, 2, and 4 were diagnosed as moderate and common type of COVID-19, while case 3 was classified as severe type. They may be transmitted COVID-19 infection during hospitalization. All cases were recovered from COVID-19 after a combination therapy against virus, bacteria, and also respiratory support.
Conclusion: Our case series of four pediatric cancer patients showed a good outcome after prompt treatment, suggesting that malignancy in children may not be a contributor factor for COVID-19 recovery.
Keywords: COVID-19; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; non-hodgkin lymphoma; children
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Anak yang menderita kanker atau penyakit autoimun lebih rentan tertular karena penurunan system kekebalan tubuh, dampak kemoterapi, radioterapi, atau operasi tumor.
Penyajian kasus: Kami melaporkan 3 pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut dan 1 pasien limfoma non-Hodgkin yang terinfeksi Covid-19 sejak Juli-Agustus 2020. Kasus tersebut adalah 4 kasus pertama yang teridentifikasi Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. Kasus 1,2, dan 4 terdiagnosis positif Covid -19 derajat sedang, sedangkan kasus 3 tergolong berat. Mereka kemungkinan terinfeksi Covid-19 saat perawatan. Semua kasus dinyatakan sembuh dari Covid-19 setelah pemberian obat anti virus, antibiotik, dan alat bantu pernapasan.
Kesimpulan: Serial kasus dari 4 pasien kanker anak dengan outcome yang baik setelah pengobatan yang cepat mengindikasikan bahwa penyakit keganasan pada anak kemungkinan bukan faktor yang berkontribusi dalam kesembuhan Covid-19.
Kata kunci: COVID-19; leukemia limfoblastik akut; limfoma non-hodgkin; anak
References
Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1199–207.
World Health Organization. Global Situation Report-55 15 March 2020. 2020.
Yang K, Sheng Y, Huang C, et al. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21: 904–13.
Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al. Transmission of 2019-NCOV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:970–1.
Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:929–36.
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MenKes/413/2020 Tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2020.
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323:1061–9.
Al-Quteimat OM, Amer AM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol. 2020;1-4.
Erdem AY, Ozbek NY. SARS COV-2 infection in children with Leukemia. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2020;14(Suppl):41-7.
Cakir B. COVID-19 and children: from an epidemiological perspective. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2020;14(Suppl): 1-8.
Hrusak O, Kalina T, Wolf J, et al. Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment. Eur J Cancer. 2020; 132:11–6.
Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:355–68.
Ogimi C, Englund JA, Bradford MC, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus infection in children: the role of viral factors and an immunocompromised state. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019;8:21–8.
Zhou Q, Gao Y, Wang X, et al. Nosocomial infections among patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8:629.
Bernard SC, Abdelsamad EH, Johnson PA, et al. Pediatric leukemia : diagnosis to treatment - a review. J Cancer Clin Trials. 2017;2:1-3.
Yamamoto L, dos Santos EH, Pinto LS, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2020;62:e65.
She J, Liu L, Liu W. COVID-19 epidemic: disease characteristics in children. J Med Virol. 2020;92:747-54.
Chen ZM, Fu JF, Shu Q, et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World J Pediatr. 2020;16:240-6.
Chan JFW, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet. 2020;395:514–23.
Alshamrani M, AlHarbi A, Alkhudair N, et al. Practical strategies to manage cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Saudi oncology pharmacy assembly experts recommendations. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2020;26:1429-40.
Saxena S, Kumar CM. Anaesthetic management of patients with COVID-19: infection prevention and control measures in the operating theatre. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2020; 125:e239-e241. Br J Anaesth. 2020;125,e317-e318.
