Adolescents school students in Java and Sumatra are in greater risk of obesity
Article Sidebar
-
Obesity, adolescents, dietary behaviour, region, physical activity
Abstract
Latar belakang: Indonesia masih menghadai beban ganda masalah gizi berkaitan dengan obesitas yang meningkat sementara masalah kurang gizi masih terjadi, termasuk pada remaja. Hasil penelitian masih terbatas, dalam hal aspek demografi dan geografi di Indonesia, sementara strategi pencegahan obesitas pada remaja membutuhkan intervensi yang lebih optimal. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran masalah obesitas berdasarkan karakteristik populasi dan perilaku berisiko di region yang berbeda.
Metode: Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder dari survei kesehatan berbasis sekolah tahun 2015 yang dikembangkan oleh CDC Amerika dan WHO, dengan modifikasi sesuai kondisi Indonesia. Analisis mencakup 10,544 pelajar kelas 7 – 12 dengan representasi populasi nasional di tiga regional/pulau di Indonesia. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi-square dan log regression.
Hasil: Model logistik menunjukkan pelajar remaja yang tinggal di pulau Jawa mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami obesitas (adjusted OR 2.1;95%CI 1.3-3.3) dibandingkan pada pelajar yag tinggal di pulau Sumatra dan luar pulau Jawa dan Sumatra, sementara perilaku berisiko seperti aktivitas fisik dan perilaku diet tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian obesitas.
Kesimpulan: Disparitas masalah obesitas terjadi pada remaja di tiga pulau besar di Indonesia, di tingkat kelas yang berbeda dan perilaku diet berisiko yang berbeda. Strategi pencegahan diperlukan lebih mengarah pada intervensi berbasis sekolah dengan memperhatikan faktor geografis tempat tinggal di pulau Sumatra dan lainnya serta tingkat atau kelas yang berbeda. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):119-27)
Kata kunci: Obesitas, remaja, perilaku diet, region, aktivitas fisik
Abstract
Background: Indonesia faces burden of nutrition related diseases as obesity is increasing while malnutrition still exists, including in adolescents. Research are limited in term of which specific demography and geography aspects in Indonesia while stronger strategic intervention to prevent obesity in adolescents is needed. Objective: This study aims to describe proportion of obesity in indifferent adolescents characteristic and eating behaviour in different regions.
Method: This study used data from Indonesia 2015 Global School-based Health Survey developed by US CDC and WHO) with modification based on Indonesia specific. The analysis included 10,544 students covered national representative and three regions of school students (grade 7 to 12) in Indonesia. Statistical analysis used chi square and log regressions.
Results: The logistic model showed adolescents students living in Java island has significantly higher risk of obesity (adjusted OR 2.1;95%CI 1.3-3.3) compare to their peers in outside Java and Sumatra Island, while behavior risk factors such as physical activity and dietary habit were not significantly associated with obesity.
Conclusions: Issues disparity of obesity in adolescents occurred in the three main Islands in Indonesia, in different school grades and in those with different dietary risk behaviours. Intervention strategy to address adolescents obesity issues will need to be directed toward school-based settings with taking into account specific approaches for students in Sumatra and other main islands in Indonesia as well as specific for junior and senior high school. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):119-27).
Keywords: Obesity, adolescents, dietary behaviour, region, physical activity
Full text article
References
Babey SH, Hastert TA, Wolstein J, Diamant AL. Income disparities in obesity trends among California adolescents. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2149–55.
Yamaki K, Rimmer JH, Lowry BD, Vogel LC. Prevalence of obesity-related chronic health conditions in overweight adolescents with disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(1):280–8.
Nemiary D, Shim R, Mattox G, Holden K. The relationship between obesity and depression among adolescents [Internet]. Psychiatr Ann. 2012;42(8):305–8. Available from: https://www.healio.com/doiresolver doi=10.3928/00485713-20120806-09
Jääskeläinen A, Nevanperä N, Remes J, Rahkonen F, Järvelin M-R, Laitinen J. Stress-related eating, obesity and associated behavioural traits in adolescents: a prospective population-based cohort study [Internet]. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):321. Available from: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458 14-321
Xu S, Xue Y. Protein intake and obesity in young adolescents (Review). Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2016. p. 1545–9.
Golden NH, Schneider M, Wood C. Preventing obesity and eating disorders in adolescents [Internet]. Pediatrics. 2016;peds.2016-1649-. Available from: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/ early/2016/08/18/peds.2016-1649
Hatami M, Taib MNM, Jamaluddin R, Saad HA, Djazayery A, Chamari M, et al. Dietary factors as the major determinants of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. A cross-sectional study. Appetite. 2014;82:194–201.
Reicks M, Banna J, Cluskey M, Gunther C, Hongu N, Richards R, et al. Influence of parenting practices on eating behaviors of early adolescents during independent eating occasions: implications for obesity prevention. Nutrients. 2015. p. 8783–801.
Koyuncuoğlu Güngör N. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents [Internet]. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;129–43. Available from: https://cms.galenos.com.tr/FileIssue/1/607/article/129-143.pdf
Gonçalves H, González DA, Araújo CP, Muniz L, Tavares P, Assunção MC, et al. Adolescents’ perception of causes of obesity: unhealthy lifestyles or heritage? J Adolesc Heal. 2012;51(SUPPL. 6).
Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, King MA, Pickett W. Overweight and obesity in Canadian adolescents and their associations with dietary habits and physical activity patterns. J Adolesc Heal. 2004;35(5):360–7.
Bibiloni M del M, Pons A, Tur JA. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents: a systematic review. ISRN Obes [Internet]. 2013;2013:1–14. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/392747/
Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among school-aged adolescents in Ghana and Uganda. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(10):3859–70.
Thibault H, Contrand B, Saubusse E, Baine M, Maurice-Tison S. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in French adolescents: physical activity, sedentary behavior and parental characteristics. Nutrition. 2010;26(2):192 200.
Liou YM, Liou TH, Chang LC. Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(6):1246–56.
McNaughton SA, Ball K, Mishra GD, Crawford DA. Dietary patterns of adolescents and risk of obesity and hypertension. J Nutr [Internet]. 2008;138(2):364–70. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203905
Al-Hazzaa HM, Abahussain NA, Al-Sobayel HI, Qahwaji DM, Alsulaiman NA, Musaiger AO. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among Urban Saudi adolescents: gender and regional variations. J Heal Popul Nutr. 2014;32(4):634–45.
Gordon HL, Walker LS, Gur S, Olien JL. Obesity and gender as status beliefs. Soc Sci Res. 2018;71:11–8.
Chamieh M, Moore H, Summerbell C, Tamim H, Sibai A, Hwalla N. Diet, physical activity and socio-economic disparities of obesity in Lebanese adults: findings from a national study [Internet]. BMC Public Heal. 2015;279(15):1–13. Available from: https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=diet%2C+physical+activity+and+socio+economic+disparities+of+obesity+in+lebanese+adults
Rezali FW, Chin YS, Yusof BNM. Obesity-related behaviors of Malaysian adolescents: a sample from Kajang district of Selangor state. Nutr Res Pract. 2012;6(5):458–65.
Velázquez-López L, Santiago-Díaz G, Nava-Hernández J, Muñoz-Torres AV, Medina-Bravo P, Torres-Tamayo M. Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14(1).
de Gouw L, Klepp KI, Vignerová J, Lien N, Steenhuis I hm, Wind M. Associations between diet and (in) activity behaviours with overweight and obesity among 10–18-year-old Czech Republic adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(10A):1701–7.
Jain S, Pant B, Chopra H, Tiwari R. Obesity among adolescents of affluent public schools in Meerut [Internet]. Indian J Public Health. 2010;54(3):158. Available from: https://www.ijph.in/text.asp?2010/54/3/158/75740.
Hamaideh SH, Al-Khateeb RY, Al-Rawashdeh AB. Overweight and obesity and their correlates among jordanian adolescents. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2010;42(4):387–94.
Rouhani MH, Mirseifinezhad M, Omrani N, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Fast food consumption, quality of diet, and obesity among Isfahanian adolescent girls. J Obes. 2012;2012.
Reinert KRS, Po’e EK, Barkin SL. The relationship between executive function and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review [Internet]. J Obes. 2013;2013:1–10. Available from: https://www. hindawi.com/journals/jobe/2013/820956/
Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. National Action Plan on Food and Nutrition. Jakarta; 2018. Indonesian.
Fridayanti DV, Prameswari GN. Peran UKS (usaha kesehatan sekolah) dalam upaya penanggulangan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. J Heal Educ. 2016;1(2):8–14. Indonesian.
Handayani O, Rahayu T, Budiono I, Windraswara R, Fauzi L, Siyam N, et al. Health promotion models to reduce childhood obesity in Elementary School: a comparison study between Indonesia and Australia. J Sci Res Reports. 2015;7(1):1–10.