Indonesia’s readiness to implement the HPV vaccine mandatory for school age
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HPV Vaccine, Implementation Readiness, National Immunization Program
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO, dua dari 10.000 wanita di Indonesia hidup dengan kanker serviks dan
diperkirakan 26 wanita meninggal setiap hari akibat kanker serviks. Berdasarkan kondisi ini, pemerintah
Indonesia berencana menambahkan vaksin HPV ke dalam program imunisasi nasional. Tujuan penelitian
adalah untuk menilai kemungkinan kesiapan Indonesia untuk menerapkan vaksin HPV wajib untuk usia
sekolah dan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhinya.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic review. Melalui artikel terkait vaksin HPV yang terbit
di jurnal terakreditasi dan scopus-indeks selama 10 tahun terakhir dengan kata kunci “Implementasi
untuk Imunisasi HPV”, ditemukan sebanyak 17.000 hasil pencarian. Setelah itu, penilaian kritis pada
artikel yang dipilih dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode PRISMA.
Hasil: Ditemukan bahwa kesadaran masyarakat, terutama orang tua, tentang vaksin HPV masih kurang, namun
penerimaan mereka terhadap vaksin ini cukup positif. Ada beberapa faktor lain yang menjadi keberatan mereka terhadap vaksin, seperti harga tinggi, ketakutan akan efek samping, seksualitas, gender, dan sistem perawatan kesehatan. Saat ini di Indonesia vaksin HPV harus dibeli atas inisiatif mereka sendiri dan bukan merupakan program wajib dari pemerintah pusat dan juga tidak diberikan secara gratis melalui program JKN. Namun demikian, Kementerian Kesehatan telah memulai proyek percontohan untuk menyediakan vaksinasi HPV gratis di beberapa daerah dalam Program Bulan Imunisasi untuk Usia Sekolah menggunakan kombinasi sumber daya pusat dan daerah.
Kesimpulan: Telah ada peraturan dan pedoman teknis untuk pelaksanaan proyek percontohan vaksinasi
HPV gratis, namun masih perlu penyesuaian dan dukungan dari Pemerintah jika akan dilaksanakan secara
nasional dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi di daerah dengan fasilitas dan akses terbatas. Dibutuhkan peran
pemerintah dalam memberikan informasi yang baik tentang vaksin HPV bagi masyarakat.
(Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):107-18)
Keywords: Vaksin HPV, Kesiapan Implementasi, Program Imunisasi Nasional
Abstract
Background: According to WHO, two out of 10,000 women in Indonesia live with cervical cancer and an
estimated 26 women die each day from cervical cancer. Indonesian government is planning to add the HPV
vaccine into the national immunization program. The objective is to assess the possibility of Indonesia’s
readiness to implement the HPV vaccine mandatory for school age and factors that may affect it.
Methods: The method was a systematic review through articles related to HPV vaccine which have been
published in accredited and scopus-indexed journals for the last 10 years. With keywords “Implementation
for HPV Immunization”, founded 17,000 search results. Afterwards, a critical appraisal on the selected
articles is conducted using PRISMA method.
Results: It is found that the awareness of community, especially parents, about HPV vaccine is still
lacking, but their acceptance of this vaccine is quite positive. There are other factors into their objection to
vaccines, such as the high price, fear of the side effects, sexuality, gender, and healthcare systems. Currently
in Indonesia HPV vaccine must be purchased on their own initiative and is not a mandatory program of
the central government. Neither has it been given free of charge through JKN program. Nevertheless,
The Ministry of Health has begun a pilot project to provide free HPV vaccination in some areas within
Immunization Month for School Age program using a combination of central and regional resources.
Conclusion: Although there have been regulations and technical guidelines for the implementation of the
pilot project of free HPV vaccination, it still needs adjustment and support from the Government if it will
be implemented nationally and adapted to conditions in areas with limited facilities and access. The role
of the government is needed in providing good knowledge about the HPV vaccine for the community.
(Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):107-18)
Keywords: HPV Vaccine, Implementation Readiness, National Immunization Program
Full text article
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