Factors Influencing Cough Self-Medication Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Motorcyclists in North Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Introduction: Motorcyclists are frequently exposed to high levels of air pollution, especially in North Jakarta, which ranks highest in air pollution within the Jabodetabek area in Indonesia. This exposure increases the prevalence of cough symptoms, leading to a higher likelihood of self-medication. Inappropriate self-medication can cause health complications, making knowledge levels a critical factor in influencing behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge levels and sociodemographic factors with self-medication behavior for cough symptoms among motorcyclists in North Jakarta.
Methods: This research is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional method, purposive sampling techniques, and collecting data via questionnaires. Data were collected from 440 motorcyclists in North Jakarta. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis (logistic regression) with software.
Results: The results from 440 respondents showed that 38% had good knowledge about cough self-medication, and 59% had good self-medication behavior regarding coughs. The factors influencing cough self-medication behavior among motorcyclists in North Jakarta were knowledge and gender (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: Motorcyclists in North Jakarta generally have good knowledge and practice appropriate self-medication behavior for cough symptoms, with a significant relationship between knowledge levels and cough self-medication behavior.
Full text article
References
1. Efayanti E, Susilowati T, Imamah IN. Hubungan Motivasi dengan Perilaku Swamedikasi. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional [Internet]. 2019 Nov 30 [cited 2024 Nov 12];1(1):21–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v1i1.12
2. Ghazawy ER. Self-Medication among Adults in Minia, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Community-Based Study. Health N Hav [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Nov 12];09(06):883–95. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=76876
3. Yousef AMM, Al-Bakri AG, Bustanji Y, Wazaify M. Self-medication patterns in Amman, Jordan. Pharmacy World and Science [Internet]. 2008 Jan [cited 2024 Nov 12];30(1):24–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17562220/
4. Awada S, Diab B, Khachman D, Zeidan RK, Slim H, Zein S, et al. Self-medication Practices and Knowledge among Lebanese Population: A Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 12];2:56–64. Available from: https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/dsahmj/125940001
5. Al-Ramahi R. Patterns and attitudes of self-medication practices and possible role of community pharmacists in Palestine. Int Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics [Internet]. 2013 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Nov 12];51(07):562–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23587151/
6. Ha T Van, Nguyen AMT, Nguyen HST. Self-medication practices among Vietnamese residents in highland provinces. J Multidiscip Healthc [Internet]. 2019 Jul [cited 2024 Nov 12];Volume 12:493–502. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31456640/
7. Arrais PSD, Fernandes MEP, Pizzol T da SD, Ramos LR, Mengue SS, Luiza VL, et al. Prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2024 Nov 12];50(suppl 2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27982373/
8. BPS. Persentase Penduduk yang Mengobati Sendiri Selama Sebulan Terakhir (Persen), 2020-2022 [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1974/1/persentase-penduduk-yang-mengobati-sendiri-selama-sebulan-terakhir.html
9. BPS. Persentase Penduduk yang Mempunyai Keluhan Kesehatan dan Mengobati Sendiri menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Persen), 2020-2022 [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://jakarta.bps.go.id/indicator/30/1054/1/persentase-penduduk-yang-mempunyai-keluhan-kesehatan-dan-mengobati-sendiri-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta.html
10. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Jakarta Utara. Jumlah Fasilitas Kesehatan Menurut Jenis dan Kecamatan, 2015 [Internet]. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Jakarta Utara. 2015 [cited 2024 Nov 12]. Available from: https://jakutkota.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/ODkjMg%3D%3D/jumlah-fasilitas-kesehatan-menurut-jenis-dan-kecamatan.html
11. Arrang ST, Cokro F, Sianipar EA. Rational Antibiotic Use by Ordinary People in Jakarta. MITRA: Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat [Internet]. 2019 May 21 [cited 2024 Nov 12];3(1):73–82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25170/mitra.v3i1.502
12. Kamba V, Wicita PS, Basri IF, Ishak PY. Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Rasionalitas Swamedikasi pada Masa Pandemi di Kota Gorontalo. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM) [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 12];8(2):86–94. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/jsm/article/view/3248
13. Khan A. Health Complications Associated with Self-Medication. Journal of Physical Fitness, Medicine & Treatment in Sports [Internet]. 2018 Jan 16 [cited 2024 Nov 12];1(4). Available from: https://juniperpublishers.com/jpfmts/JPFMTS.MS.ID.555566.php
14. Muharni S, Aryani F, Mizanni M. Gambaran Tenaga Kefarmasian Dalam Memberikan Informasi Kepada Pelaku Swamedikasi di Apotek-Apotek Kecamatan Tampan, Pekanbaru. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis [Internet]. 2015 Dec 29 [cited 2024 Nov 12];2(1):47. Available from: https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/128604/gambaran-tenaga-kefarmasian-dalam-memberikan-informasi-kepada-pelaku-swamedikasi
15. Fuaddah AT. Description of Self-Medication Behavior in Community of Subdistrict Purbalingga, District Purbalingga. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (JKM) [Internet]. 2015 Mar [cited 2024 Nov 12];3(1):610–8. Available from: https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/11554
16. Rathod P, Sharma S, Ukey U, Sonpimpale B, Ughade S, Narlawar U, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Reasons for Self-Medication: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study From Central India. Cureus [Internet]. 2023 Jan 18 [cited 2024 Nov 12]; Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9936784/
17. Lorensia A, Yudiarso A, Arrahmah R. Evaluasi Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Obat Batuk Swamedikasi oleh Perokok. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia [Internet]. 2018 Dec 30 [cited 2024 Nov 12];14(4):395. Available from: https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/5065
18. CNBC Indonesia Research. Polusi Udara Jakarta: Presiden Batuk, Ribuan Warga Bisa Tewas [Internet]. CNBC Indonesia. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 6]. Available from: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20230820230330-128-464477/polusi-udara-jakarta-presiden-batuk-ribuan-warga-bisa-tewas
19. Ikawati, Anindya Z. Penyakit Sistem Pernapasan dan Tata Laksana Terapinya. Bursa Ilmu; 2011.
20. Kemenkes. Penting Pahami Ancaman Polusi Udara Pada Kesehatan [Internet]. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2023. Available from: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/penting-pahami-ancaman-polusi-udara-pada-kesehatan
21. Zainaldi. Hubungan antara Aktivitas Berkendara Sepeda Motor dan Keluhan Pernapasan pada Mahasiswa Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Tahun 2020. Jurnal Seminar Nasional Kesehatan Masyarakat [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 12];263–72. Available from: https://conference.upnvj.ac.id/index.php/semnashmkm2020/article/view/1067/641
22. Huong LT, Tuan VA, Vinh Man ND. Commuter exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs), lung deposited surface area (LDSA), and noise in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Transp Health [Internet]. 2024 Sep [cited 2024 Nov 12];38:101896. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214140524001427
23. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Data Indeks Standar Pencemaran udara (ISPU) [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 12]. Available from: https://ppkl.menlhk.go.id/website/filebox/1196/240118151938LKj%20Dit%20PPU%202023.pdf
24. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis Kendaraan (unit) di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2022 [Internet]. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 6]. Available from: https://jakarta.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/Nzg2IzI=/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor-menurut-jenis-kendaraan-unit-di-provinsi-dki-jakarta.html
25. Yulia M, Aprillia A, Jamal R. Profil Pengetahuan Pasien Terhadap Swamedikasi Obat Batuk Di Apotek Kota Bukittinggi. SITAWA : Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Obat Tradisional [Internet]. 2023 Jan 30 [cited 2024 Nov 12];2(1):26–35. Available from: https://ejournal.akfarimambonjol.ac.id/index.php/jfkes/article/view/30
26. Meilita D, Untari EK, Yuswar MA. Hubungan Pengetahuan terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Obat Bebas dan Obat Bebas Terbatas untuk Swamedikasi Batuk pada Mahasiswa Non Kesehatan Universitas Tanjungpura [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov 12]. Available from: https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jmfarmasi/article/download/50084/75676590902
27. Arikunto S. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2013.
28. Netta SN, Prapdhani L, Hajma A. Relationship Between Knowledge and Behaviour of Self-Medication in Cough Towards One Community in East Java. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia [Internet]. 2024;21(1). Available from: http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon
29. Nugrahaeni F, Rahmawati M. Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Batuk pada SMA Muhammadiyah 23 Jakarta. Social Clinical Pharmacy Indonesia Journal [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Nov 12];4(2):54–65. Available from: https://journal.uta45jakarta.ac.id/index.php/SCPIJ/article/view/1885/1298
30. Simanjuntak M, Prabowo WC, Ramadhan AM. Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Swamedikasi pada Mahasiswa Universitas Mulawarman. In: Journal Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Nov 12]. p. 129–37. Available from: https://repository.unmul.ac.id/handle/123456789/28787
31. Walujo D, Farida U, Nurmayanti I. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Terhadap Swamedikasi Batuk Di Apotek Berlian Kandat Kabupaten Kediri. JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI SIMPLISIA [Internet]. 2023 Jun 29 [cited 2024 Nov 12];3(1):71–83. Available from: https://journal.poltekkesaceh.ac.id/index.php/jifs/article/view/jifs3012308
32. Notoatmodjo S. Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Ilmu Seni. Edisi Revi. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta; 2014.
33. Amalia RN, Annisaa’ E, Dianingati RS. Perilaku Swamedikasi Masyarakat Wonosobo selama Pandemi Covid-19. Majalah Farmaseutik [Internet]. 2022 Oct 10 [cited 2024 Nov 12];18(3):290. Available from: https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/majalahfarmaseutik/article/view/66442/35027
34. Retnaningsih R. Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Alat Pelindung Telinga dengan Penggunaannya pada Pekerja di PT X. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health [Internet]. 2016 Sep 26 [cited 2024 Nov 12];1(1):67. Available from: https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/JIHOH/article/view/607
35. Anggraini L, Yuliastuti Program Studi Farmasi F, Ilmu Kesehatan F. Tinjauan praktik swamedikasi dan konseling obat tanpa resep di Apotek Kecamatan Tempel. Borobudur Pharmacy Review [Internet]. 2023;3(2):44–50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31603/bphr.v3i2.8625
36. Pariyana, Mariana, Liana Y. Perilaku Swamedikasi Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Palembang. Jurnal Syedza Saintika [Internet]. 2021;403–15. Available from: http://jurnal.syedzasaintika.ac.id/index.php/PSNSYS/article/view/947
37. Triani LA, Hariyanto, Rizkifani S. Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Batuk Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research [Internet]. 2022;4(3):637–44. Available from: https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jsscr/article/view/15669
38. Sari A, Prabaningtyas TA. Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Swamedikasi Masyarakat Ditengah Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian. 2022;7(3):683–94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v7i3.386
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 Sherly Tandi Arrang, Angelina Sugianto, Erlia Anggrainy Sianipar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.