Efficacy and Safety of Nootropic Herbal Medicines in Increasing Cognitive Function in Alzheimer Patients
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herbal medicine, nootropics, cognitive function, Alzheimer’s disease, pengobatan herbal, zat nootropik, fungsi kognitif, penyakit Alzheimer
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia found in society and it is estimated that the number of dementia sufferers will increase. Declining cognitive function is a hallmark symptom and the treatment that has been used to combat the symptom is still unsatisfactory and has side effects. This review explores other herbal and nootropic alternative treatments.
Methods: Published Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) and meta-analyses regarding the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine in increasing cognitive function in Alzheimer patients are searched in PubMed and Google Scholar while applying several inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: 14 articles are retrieved, which are 3 RCTs and 11 meta-analyses, and are analyzed further. Several interventions are examined, which include Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, Crocus sativus, Huperzine A, Panax ginseng, and Chinese herbal medicine. Each of these interventions exert different levels of efficacy and safety, and differ in their price range.
Conclusion: Out of all the analyzed interventions, Crocus sativus could be used as a potential treatment for Alzheimer patients due to its comparable level of efficacy and safety to that of standard therapy and cost effective, but there needs to be a standardized extract for the Indonesian population to easily obtain.
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan jenis demensia yang paling sering ditemukan dalam masyarakat dan diperkirakan angka penderita akan terus meningkat beberapa tahun kedepannya. Salah satu gejala khas dari penyakit Alzheimer adalah gejala menurunnya fungsi kognitif, dan obatan-obatan yang sekarang dipakai untuk melawan gejala tersebut belum memuaskan dan terdapat beberapa efek samping. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dibuat tinjauan untuk menelusuri terapi alternatif yang bersifat herbal
dan nootropik.
Metode: Dilakukan penelusuran artikel publikasi Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) dan meta-analisis mengenai khasiat dan keamanan tanaman obat untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Alzheimer dalam database PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan menerapkan beberapa kriteria inklusi dan kriteria eksklusi.
Hasil: Terdapat 14 artikel berupa 3 RCT dan 11 meta-analisis yang dianalisa lebih lanjut. Beberapa intervensi yang ditelusuri adalah Ginkgo biloba, Curcuma longa, Crocus sativus, Huperzine A, Panax ginseng, dan Obat herbal Cina. Masing-masing intervensi memiliki khasiat untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif, tingkat keamanan, dan rentang harga yang berbeda.
Kesimpulan: Dari semua intervensi yang dianalisa, Crocus sativus dapat menjadi terapi alternatif untuk pasien Alzheimer dikarenakan intervensi ini dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif, memiliki tingkat keamanan yang setara dengan terapi standar dengan harga terjangkau, namun perlu adanya sediaan ekstrak terstandard yang dapat dijangkau masyarakat Indonesia.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Luigi Collins Aribowo, Ferina Angelia, Diana Wijaya, Marina Astrid Rumawas
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