Factors influencing HIV group counseling participation at a referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
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HIV, counseling, participation, social, support
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa dukungan sosial termasuk Konseling HIV dan dukungan kelompok memiliki efek langsung terhadap kepatuhan pada pengobatan HIV. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap partisipasi pada konseling kelompok pasien HIV di Indonesia belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui partisipasi pasien HIV pada konseling kelompok di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi-Sulianti Saroso, Jakarta Utara. Faktor demografi dan klinis pada pasien HIV diduga berhubungan dengan partisipasi dalam konseling kelompok.
Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2013 menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang. Pasien HIV yang menggunakan anti retroviral sebanyak 1440 orang diminta kesediannya untuk berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik.
Hasil: 709 dari 880 pasien yang mengikuti konseling kelompok telah melengkapi kuesioner dan bersedia menjadi sampel penelitian. Sebagian besar responden adalah laki-laki (71.1%), lulus SMP (84.3%), dan bekerja penuh waktu (51.5%). Stadium klinis mayoritas responden (87.3%) stadium 3 dan 4. Sebagian kecil responden (9.7%) memiliki ko-infeksi hepatitis B atau C, dan 12.7 % memiliki anggota keluarga HIV positif. Sebanyak 272 (38,4%) responden mengikuti konseling kelompok. Umur, waktu kerja, kepuasan terhadap penghasilan, memiliki anggota keluarga dengan HIV positif dan responden yang pernah menggunakan narkoba suntik (IDU) merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi responden pada konseling kelompok.
Kesimpulan: Konseling kelompok harus dikenalkan pada penderita HIV yang sulit dijangkau, termasuk pasien yang lebih tua dan pasien dengan riwayat IDU. Selain itu, penyedia layanan kesehatan harus mempertimbangkan jadwal alternatif untuk pasien yang bekerja penuh waktu dan tidak dapat menghadiri konseling kelompok selama jam kerja.
Keywords: HIV, konseling, partisipasi, dukungan, sosial
Abstract:
Background: Previous studies indicate that social support, including HIV counseling and support groups, have a direct effect on adherence to HIV therapy. Currently, factors of non-participation in HIV counseling in the Indonesian population are unknown. Based on this condition, we performed this study to explore HIV patient in group counseling participation at Prof. Sulianto Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital (RSPI-SS), a national referral hospital in Northern Jakarta in Indonesia. We assessed demographic and clinical factors that are associated with participation in HIV group counseling.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2013. 1,440 HIV patients in Jakarta obtaining ART from RSPI-SS were approached to participate in a quantitative survey. Factors associated with group counseling participation were assessed using logistic regression analyses.
Results: A total of 709 (80.6%) out of 880 patients in group counseling completed the survey. The most of respondents were male (71.1%), had completed at least secondary school (84.3%), and worked full-time (51.5%). The majority (87.3%) of respondents had advanced disease (clinical stage 3 and 4). A small proportion (9.7%) of patients had hepatitis B or C co-infection, and 12.7 % reported having a family member (partner or child) who was also HIV positive. Only 272 (38,4%) of surveyed patients reported attending HIV group counseling. Five variables were found to be independently associated as factors influencing with participation in HIV group counseling including age, hours worked, income satisfaction, Family member with HIV, and history of Injection Drug User’s (IDU’s).
Conclusion: Based on findings, outreach activities promoting HIV group counseling should target patients who are unable or less likely to attend group counseling, including older patients and patients with history of IDU’s. Additionally, health care providers should consider alternative schedules for patients who work full-time and are unable to attend group counseling during work hours.
Keywords: HIV, counseling, participation, social, support
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