The risk factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Article Sidebar
-
Risk factors, progressive of type 2 DM, CKD
Abstract
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Penderita Diabetes melitus (DM) yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan menimbulkan
komplikasi Nefropati Diabetika sebagai penyebab utama dari Gagal Ginjal terminal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasien DM tipe 2.
Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang meneliti faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal pada pasien
rawat jalan DM tipe 2 di bagian penyakit dalam RSUD kota Bekasi mulai tanggal 01 September 2015
sampai dengan 30 September 2015. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur. Sampel
dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 246 purposive individual sampling (107 pria dan 139 wanita). Analisis
data mempergunakan SPSS versi 21 dan EPISTAT versi 3.3
Hasil: Faktor risiko gagal ginjal yang terkait dengan perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2 adalah: umur saat
didiagnosis DM 36-54 tahun (ORa=2.41; p=0.01); menderita DM 6-10 tahun dan lebih dari 10 tahun
setelah didiagnosis (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa=18.54; p=0.000). Dibandingkan dengan kadar glukosa
darah awal 201-300 mg/dl, responden dengan kadar gula darah awal 401-500 mg/dl dan lebih dari 500
mg/dl masing-masing berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.63 kali dan 11.11 kali (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). Kadar glukosa
darah tertinggi >500 mg/dl berisiko Gagal Ginjal 5.86 kali dibandingkan dengan 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000).
Kesimpulan: Usia pada saat didiagnosis DM, lamanya menderita DM setelah didiagnosis, kadar glukosa
darah awal dan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi >500 mg/dl merupakan faktor-faktor risiko Gagal Ginjal
Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, progresi DM tipe 2, Gagal Ginjal
Abstract
Background: A condition when Diabetes Mellitus patients does not get an adequate medical treatment,
will cause Diabetic Nephropathy, which is a major cause of a terminal Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
The objective of this study is to determine risk factors of CKD in patients with type 2 DM.
Methods: Design of this study was a cross sectional, that investigated risk factors of CKD in outpatients
who suffered type 2 DM at Department of Internal Medicine of Bekasi General Hospital from the 1st of
September to the 30th of September, 2015. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires.
Sample in this study was 246 purposive individual sampling (107 male and 139 female). The data analysis
used SPSS version 21 and EPISTAT version 3.3.
Results: The risk factors of CKD related to progressive of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 disease were: age at
first diagnosed of DM 36-54 years (ORa=2.41; p=0.01), suffering DM 6-10 years and more than 10 years
after being diagnosed (ORa=4.30; p=0.000 vs ORa= 18.54; p=0.000 ). Referring to initial blood glucose
levels of 201-300 mg/dl, the respondents with initial blood glucose levels of 401-500 mg/dl and more than
500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.63 times and 11.11 times respectively (p=0.000 vs p=0.000). The highest
blood glucose levels >500 mg/dl had the risk of CKD 5.86 times compared with 201-300 mg/dl (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Age at first diagnosed of DM, duration of suffering DM post diagnosed, initial blood glucose
levels, and the highest blood glucose levels >500 mg/dl were the risk factors of CKD.
Keywords: Risk factors, progressive of type 2 DM, CKD
Full text article
References
"About diabetes". World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/ diabetes/action_online/basics/en/. Retrieved 4 April 2014
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004 vol. 27 no. suppl 1 p 5-10.
"DM Fact sheet No 312". WHO. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs312/en/. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
Dabla PK. Renal Function in Diabetic Nephropaty. World Journal of Diabetes. 2010; 1(2):2-4.
Yan D, Mary EC. Autophagy in Diabetic Nephropathy. Journal of Endocrinology. 2015;224:R15. 2
Sari N, Hisyam B. Relationship between Type II DM and Chronic Kidney Disease at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta period of Januari 2011-October 2012. Journal of Indonesia Medical Health. 2014;6:14-5
Kidney Disease Death Rate By Country. Available from: http://www.worldlife expectancy. com/cause-of-death/kidney-disease/by country/ pada tanggal 7 Juli 2015.
Medline Plus. Kidney Failure. National Institutes of Health. Available from: http:// www.nml.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneyfailure.html.
Ardhi S, Rompas, Pondaag S, Linnie. Chronic Kidney Disease at Prof Dr R D Kandou Hospital. Journal of Nursing. 2015; 3:4
Lubis, HR. Diabetic Kidney Disease. Text Book of Internal Medicine. 4th Edition. Jakarta. Internal Publishing. 2014:2387
Garasto S, Fusco S, Corica F, Rosignuolo M, Marino A, Montesanto A, De Rango F, Maggio M, Mari V, Corsonello A, Lattanzio F.“Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older People”.BioMed Research International.2014-2014
Jurkovitz CT, Qiu Y, Wang C, Gilbertson DT, Brown WW. The Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP): program design and demographic characteristics of the population. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Apr;51(4 Suppl 2):S3-12.
Girum.T. “Determinants of Proteinuria among Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Shakiso Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study”. Advances in Diabetes and Metabolism 2(3): 48-54, 2014
Nephropathy Syndrome. Available from: docslide.us/documents/syndrome-nephropathy-fix.html pada tanggal 18 November 2015.
Al-Rubeaan K, Youssef, Amira M, Subhani, Shazia N, Najlaa A, Al-Sharqawi; et “Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Risk Factors in a Society with a Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic: A Saudi National Diabetes Registry Based Study”.PLOS ONE.2014;9:1-9.
Filho, Valmir JC; Rodrigues, Rodrigo A. “Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: ambulatory experience in Santarem-Para”. Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia.2013;35(2).
Wu. B, Bell. K, Stanford. A, Kern. D.M, Tunceli. O, Vupputuri. S. Understanding CKD among patients with T2DM: prevalence, temporal trends, and treatment patterns. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Apr 2016, 4 (1).
Hernaningtyas, Linda FDP. 2012. “Hypertension, Central Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus (Component of Metabolic Syndrome) as Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease: Retrospective Cohort Study on Population of Blahbatuh Sub-District, Gianyar Bali ". [Thesis], .Faculty of Medicine. University of Udayana.p104
Whalley-Connel, Adam T; Sower, James R. “Diabetes Mellitus in CKD: Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP) and National Health and Nutrition and Examination. Am J of Kid Dis. 2008;51(4),Suppl 2 (April):pp S21-S29.