Risk factors associated with Dengue incidence in Bandung, Indonesia: a household based case-control study
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Dengue, head of household, ages, house sanitation, Bandung
Abstract
Latar belakang: Bandung memiliki daerah perkotaan dengan kualitas bangunan rumah yang memadai, namun masih memiliki kasus endemik Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kejadian demam berdarah di tingkat rumah tangga.
Metode: Data dianalisis dari 781 rumah tangga yang terdiri dari 261 kasus dan 522 kontrol. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode kasus kontrol berpasangan dengan rasio 1:2. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari pengamatan status rumah menggunakan form ceklis pemeriksaan dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner tertutup. Analisis data korelasi pairwise spearmen, kemudian regresi logistik biner digunakan untuk prediksi faktor risiko.
Hasil: Faktor risiko usia produktif dan rendahnya tingkat pendidikan kepala keluarga, toilet yang kotor, dan status rumah tidak sehat memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kasus demam berdarah di Kota Bandung ((p<0.05). Faktor determinan adalah usia produktif kepala keluarga (31 - 60 tahun) dimana memiliki kemungkinan 2,53 (95%CI 1.34-4.78;p<0.05) kali lebih besar untuk memiliki anggota rumah tangga yang menderita DBD di Bandung.
Kesimpulan: Usia dan pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, kebersihan toilet dan status rumah sehat memiliki
peran penting dalam mempengaruhi kejadian demam berdarah. Dengan demikian, petugas kesehatan
perlu melakukan promosi kesehatan mengenai DBD secara intensif kepada kepala rumah tangga.
Kata kunci: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), kepala rumah tangga, usia, sanitasi rumah, Kota Bandung
Abstract
Background: Bandung have urban areas with adequate housebuilding quality, yet still has high Dengue endemic cases. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of dengue incidence at the household level.
Methods: Data analyzed from 781 households consisted of 261 cases and 522 controls. We applied matched case-control samples with a ratio of 1:2 (case: controls). The stages of the research consisted of a house status observation using a form inspection checklist and interviews using a closed-ended questionnaire. The data analyzed by pairwise spearmen correlation and binary logistic regression for risk factor prediction.
Results: Risk factors for productive age and low level of education of family heads, dirty toilets, and unhealthy house status have a significant effect on the increase of dengue cases in Bandung (p<0.05). The determinant factor is the productive age of the head of the family (31 - 60 years), it means that the family who has a family head in a productive age is 2.53 (95% CI 1.34-4.78; p <0.05) times more likely to have a household member suffering from DHF in Bandung.
Conclusion: The age and the level of education of the household heads, toilet hygiene, and healthy home status have an essential role in influencing dengue fever. Therefore, health workers need to perform an intensive health promotion regarding DHF to the household heads.
Keywords: Dengue, head of household, ages, house sanitation, Bandung City
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